![]() When birth is undisturbed, our birthing hormones can take us into ecstasy – outside (ec) our usual state (stasis) – so that we enter motherhood awakened and transformed. ![]() This system, which I am calling undisturbed birth 1, has the evolutionary stamp of approval not only because it is safe and efficient for the vast majority of mothers and babies, but also because it incorporates our hormonal blueprint for ecstasy in birth. However, our women's bodies have their own wisdom, and our innate system of birth, refined over one hundred thousand generations, is not so easily overpowered. This has led to the erroneous belief that human birth is an intrinsically faulty system, and that modern women have lost the ability to give birth. In modern Western countries, including Australia and the UK, rates of obstetric intervention have reached extreme levels, such that very few mothers and babies experience labour and birth without drugs and procedures to assist or hasten the process. ![]() Sarah Buckley shows us what is stopping birth working EPA is investigating TENORM and its management because it can be a hazard to human health and the environment.ġ All definitions referenced on this page are taken from the EPA combined report, Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials From Uranium Mining, Volume 1: Mining and Reclamation Background, and Volume 2: Investigation of Potential Health, Geographic, and Environmental Issues of Abandoned Uranium Mines. However, some TENORM has relatively higher concentrations of radionuclides that can result in elevated exposures to radiation. ![]() Many of the materials that are considered TENORM have only trace amounts of radioactivity and are part of our everyday landscape. Working with other organizations that are also confronting the problem, including states, tribes, other federal agencies, industries, environmental groups and international organizations.Identifying and studying TENORM to assemble an understanding of where TENORM wastes are from, what’s in them, and the risks they present to people and the environment.Studying the TENORM-producing industries to characterize their residuals and wastes, and evaluate potential exposures.Although EPA and others working on the problem have already learned a great deal about TENORM, we still do not completely understand all the potential radiation exposure risks it presents to humans and the environment.ĮPA is investigating TENORM challenges in three ways: Because TENORM is generated by many industries in varying amounts and occurs in a wide variety of products, the management of TENORM is a complex issue. Fertilizer and Fertilizer Production WastesĮPA is working to understand the problems associated with TENORM and to develop effective ways to protect people and the environment from unnecessary exposure to the radiation from these materials.The major industrial sectors that generate TENORM are: This list of TENORM sources is not comprehensive, as TENORM is known to occur in other processes, but provides a general sense of the hazards posed by this class of radioactive substances. Extraction and processing of these resources may expose or concentrate NORM, causing them to be classified as TENORM. Radioactive elements are present in many soils and rock formations, and consequently in the water that comes into contact with them. Learn about radon, a naturally occurring radioactive gas found in soils, rock, and water throughout the U.S. Some man-made radioactivity is considered part of background for regulatory purposes (e.g., fallout from weapons testing). Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) is defined as, “Materials which may contain any of the primordial primordialExisting from the beginning of time, naturally occurring. radionuclides or radioactive elements as they occur in nature, such as radium, uranium, thorium, potassium, and their radioactive decay products decay productsThe atoms formed and the energy and particles emitted as radioactive material decays to reach a stable form., such as radium and radon, that are undisturbed as a result of human activities." 1īackground radiation, which is present in terrestrial, cosmic, and cosmogenic sources, is always around us. ![]() "Technologically enhanced" means that the radiological, physical, and chemical properties of the radioactive material have been concentrated or further altered by having been processed, or beneficiated, or disturbed in a way that increases the potential for human and/or environmental exposures. Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM) is defined as, "Naturally occurring radioactive materials that have been concentrated or exposed to the accessible environment as a result of human activities such as manufacturing, mineral extraction, or water processing.” 1 ![]()
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